BigTIFFīigTIFF is a relatively new file format to get around the 4GB limitation of TIFF files it has no practical file size limitation. I usually work in PSB format temporarily to save quicker while working, and export my final image as a ZIP compressed TIFF to read in Lightroom, as it takes significantly more CPU time to compress the image each time you save, but it is lossless compression and good for archiving. If you use ZIP compression on both the image and layers when saving from Photoshop, you can fit quite a large amount of data under the 4GB file size limit. Consider that more layers means larger file sizes and more difficulty staying under 4GB for large-dimension images or lots of layers. I use ZIP compressed TIFFs for the majority of my storage. Often LZW results in LARGER file sizes for me than no compression at all with anything over 8-bits per channel. ZIP compression is more efficient than LZW compression with 16-bit and 32-bit files resulting in smaller file sizes, but it is also more CPU intensive and slower to open and save than LZW.
TIFF files support ZIP and LZW compression for smaller file sizes. the top rendered image you see in Photoshop), you cannot interact with the layers in Lightroom. Lightroom 4 and newer can now read 32-bit TIFFs and multiple layers, though it will only see the final top layer and any transparencies to layers underneath (i.e. TIFF files support multiple layers and 8-bits, 16-bits, or 32-bits per color channel. TIFF files don’t appear to have a pixel or resolution limit that I can find, but they do have a 4GB file size limit. Seitz RAW Converter for their Roundshot cameras lists a maximum of 4GB for their DNG files, so the file format is capable of much larger images than Photoshop's own Camera RAW engine. I can't find any specified maximum image size or file size for the DNG format in Adobe's documentation, but Camera RAW will limit you to 512MP anyway. I usually stay with the manufacturer's native RAW format, but Lightroom 6+ can merge panoramas and HDR images into DNG format (sadly, no batching feature yet), preserving the RAW data for easier editing later, such as adjusting white balance. Adobe makes a DNG Converter to convert camera manufacturer-specific RAW formats into DNG format. It supports both lossy and lossless compression and up to 32-bit floating point. DNGĭNG is Adobe's Digital Negative format for RAW files.
Let’s go over a few common file formats and their limitations-keep in mind that a file format might be able to hold a larger image than your program can read. Sometimes it is confusing to figure out what is a program limitation and what is a file format limitation. Other programs will have their own image size limitations. This is probably a limitation of Camera RAW, the engine underneath Lightroom’s hood. For example: 32,000 x 16,000 is the largest 2:1 equirectangular spherical panorama you can work on in Lightroom and fit under 512 megapixels. Lightroom also has a silly limitation of 512 megapixels for an image regardless of the longest side, which makes things very frustrating for a panoramic photographer. Lightroom is a lot more restrictive at 65,535 pixels along the greatest side. Photoshop internally supports a maximum image size of 300,000 x 300,000 pixels or 90 gigapixels (assuming you have enough RAM!), but very few file types support this insane size. Let’s talk about application limitations first. Photoshop & LightroomĪpplications and file formats both have their own set of limitations when it comes to pixel dimensions and file sizes.
I thought I’d share a few things I’ve learned while dealing with such large images that might help other panoramic photographers struggling with poorly documented limitations of various file types and their compatibility between common applications. I’ve been working with some very large 5+ gigapixel panoramas lately.
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